Origin of the Kadazan Dusun Murut of Borneo - the mtDNA Haplogroup M7c3c (Asal Usul Orang Kadazan Dusun Murut Sabah Borneo - mtDNA Haplogroup M7c3c)

Natives Kadazan Dusun from the central part of Sabah named Telupid.
Telupid (Mangifera sp.) is natives name for a mango tree called 'tolupid' pronounced 'tore-lure-pid.'

Related topics:-
1. The Haplogroup M and its subclade Haplogroup E1a1a (mtDNA) of the natives Kadazan Dusun Murut at Kelawat
2. The Haplogroup O2(P31) or O2-P31 Y-DNA among the Natives of Kelawat
3. The Haplogroup M - (E1a1a) (mtDNA) of the natives Kadazan Dusun Murut at Kelawat
4. Haplogroup JT (mtDNA) found among the Indigenous Kadazan Dusun Murut of Borneo

Cerita-cerita yang berkaitan:-
1. Asal Usul Orang Kadazan Dusun Tindal dari Kampung Kelawat Haplogroup E1a1a
2. Asal Usul Orang Kadazan Dusun Tindal dari Kampung Kelawat Haplogroup O2-P31
3. Asal Usul Orang Kadazan Dusun Murut Sabah Borneo - mtDNA Haplogroup M7c3c
4. Asal usul orang Kadazan Dusun Murut - mtDNA (perempuan) Haplogroup R9c1a
5. Asal usul Kadazan Dusun Murut melalui kajian DNA (SNP)
6. Asal-usul Orang Kadazan Dusun Murut ialah Timur Tengah-Asia Barat - Haplogroup JT (mtDNA)

Borneo has a few sites that tell ancient settlements. Borneo-Sarawak has the Niah Cave. North Borneo-Sabah has sites such as Mansuli-Lahad Datu (East Coast of Sabah) and Lipasu, Bingkor-Keningau (West Coast of Sabah). These settlements dated about 200,000 years before present time. https://cauldronofthegraywitchprodcast.wordpress.com/archeology/

[Tiga dari lokasi penempatan awal manusia di pulau Borneo ialah di Gua Niah di Sarawak dan di Sabah ialah Mansuli di Lahad Datu (pantai timur Sabah) dan Lipasu di Bingkor-Keningau (pantai barat Sabah).] https://cauldronofthegraywitchprodcast.wordpress.com/archeology/

Borneo could be the origin of some of the mtDNA groups found among  the natives.

[Borneo mungkin lokasi asal sebahagian dari penanda mtDNA yang ditemui di kalangan penduduk perempuan di Borneo.]

The Haplogroup M7c3c origin could be ISEA, probably Taiwan, Philippines  or Borneo -  suggested by the papers below.

[Kertas kajian di bawah mencadangkan asal usul haplogroup M7c3c ialah Kepulauan Asia Tenggara, mungkin Taiwan, Filipina ataupun Borneo.]

Natives Dusun Sinabu from Tongod.
Tongod is located in the interior of Sabah, upper reach of Kinabatangan River,
the 2nd longest river (560km/348miles) in Malaysia. Its neighbor is Telupid.
This river sources include the mountain Trus Madi (height =2642 meters/8668 feet).
This Dusun is river people because their settlements are normally found along river valleys.

1. - Assessment and Analysis of Genomic Diversity and Bio-markers in Sabahan Indigenous Populations  by Dr. Kee Boon Pin, 2014. - http://studentsrepo.um.edu.my/4576/  The following list are the Haplogroup (mtDNA) for Kadazan Dusun + Rungus of North Borneo. The study used 300 DNA samples from the indigenous Kadazan Dusun [150] and Rungus [150] individuals in the analysis. The Haplogroups of these tribes as listed below in descending order. [Only number count 10 and above shown here].

[Kertas kajian di atas menemui Haplogroup M7c3c ialah bilangan kedua terbesar ditemui dalam DNA kaum wanita Kadazan-Dusun-Murut-Rungus di Sabah. ]

Haplogroup=Number of Kadazan Dusun+Rungus=Total
1. R9c1a=26+21=47 [story of this Haplogroup found here - December 12, 2016]
2. M7c3c=19+23=42
3. E1a1a=12+28=40 [related blog dated October 14, 2012]
4. M7b1'2'4'5'6'7'8+16192=33+3=36
5. D5b1c1=7+23=30
6. B4a1a =5+12=17
7. E1b+1621=7+9=16
8. JT=6+4=10

"......The ancestral type of the M7c3c, but not the M7c3c itself, was found commonly in China. It can be found predominantly in Taiwanese Aborigines and ISEA populations. The lineage is most diverse in the Taiwanese Aborigines and Borneo Island......"

"......The M7c3c is absent in the Mainland SEA and Oceania populations, indicating that its distribution was limited by ocean boundaries during the post-glacial period....."

[".....Moyang kepada mtDNA M7c3c kebiasaannya ditemui pada penduduk di China namun M7c3c sendiri  tidak ditemui di Daratan Asia Tenggara dan Oceania....."]

A natives Kadazan from the town area of Penampang.
Penampang is located a few kilometres from Kota Kinabalu-Jesselton
the largest town for the state of Sabah. - Shareene Francis Loudin.

2. Unexpected Island Effects at an Extreme: Reduced Y Chromosome and Mitochondrial DNA Diversity in Nias, 2010 - https://academic.oup.com/mbe/article/28/4/1349/1030583/Unexpected-Island-Effects-at-an-Extreme-Reduced-Y

"....Haplogroup M7c3c, with a frequency in Nias (Sumatra-Indonesia) of 8.0%, was present at moderate frequencies in East and Southeast Asia with its highest frequency in Borneo (14.3%) ..."

["....Haplogroup M7c3c, kekerapan ialah 8.0% di Nias (Sumatra-Indonesia).... kekerapan tertinggi di Borneo iaitu  14.3%....]

"....Haplogroup M7c3c, formerly known as M7c1c (Kivisild et al. 2002; Trejaut et al. 2005; Hill et al. 2007), is present throughout East and Southeast Asia and occurs at low frequencies on the Admiralty Islands in Near Oceania and on Tuvalu in Remote Oceania. Like Y2, M7c3c was suggested as candidate haplogroup for a mid-Holocene out-of-Taiwan expansion (Hill et al. 2007)..."

Natives Dusun Lebou from the district of Sook.
Sook is located at the southern part of Sabah. Sook is a large plain.
Could be an ancient lake drained by Sook-Pagalan-Padas river.
 Lipasu- Bingkor an archaeological site is located near here.

3. Ancient migration routes of Austronesian-speaking populations in oceanic Southeast Asia and Melanesia might mimic the spread of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, 2011 - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4013338/

".... Haplogroup M7c3c, dating to ~8 000 YBP (Figure 3), is not seen in MSEA (Mainland South-east Asia). The presence of its sister clades and that of its direct ancestor (M7c3) in MSEA and Japan indicates a late Pleistocene origin of the M7c ancestral clade on the East Asian continent......"

[".... Haplogroup M7c3c, berusia lebih kurang 8000 tahun sebelum sekarang, tidak kelihatan di Daratan Asia Tenggara....."]

"..... The higher frequency of M7c3c in Taiwan and the Philippines than in Indonesia would support a dispersal model similar to the "Out of Taiwan" model. Nonetheless these two factors are not sufficient to determine the origin of the first M7c3c. Actually except for the distribution of M7c3c in Taiwan and Indonesia, the highest frequency and diversity of M7c3c in the Philippines could also indicate a bidirectional gene flow of M7c3c from North and South into the Philippines from a location (in MSEA) that has now lost M7c3c by drift....."

[".....Kekerapan yang banyak di Taiwan dan Filipina berbanding Indonesia menyokong model 'keluar dari Taiwan', namun dua faktor ini tidak cukup untuk menentukan asal pertama M7c3c.... kepelbagaian yang banyak di Filipina mungkin menandakan dwiarah aliran gen M7c3c dari Utara dan Selatan ke Filipina dari lokasi di Daratan Asia Tenggara, yang kini M7c3c hilang kerana hanyutan genetik..."]

".....Secondly, we saw that an origin of M7c3c could not be localized but it was clearly shown that its distribution covered the whole western ISEA (ending in Near Oceania) and that the origin of its founder (M7c3) most likely located in MSEA. ..."

Natives Rungus from Kudat and Banggi Island, northern areas of Sabah.
The goddess in front is from the town area of Penampang.

4. Genetic Diversity of Four Filipino Negrito Populations from Luzon: Comparison of Male and Female Effective Population Sizes and Differential Integration of Immigrants into Aeta and Agta Communities, 2013. - https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/56684097.pdf

".....Those mtDNA lineages proposed to be associated with the Out-of-Taiwan mtDNA Austronesian expansion (Tabbada et al. 2010) found among the Aeta and Agta are B4a1a, D4, M7b3, M7c3c, and Y2. ....... Of the others, M7c3c is the only proposed Out-of-Taiwan lineage found within both Aeta and Agta groups studied here, and its overall frequency is very similar to other negrito and non-negrito populations of the Philippines. ..."

Natives Kadazan from Papar, a town area in the west coast of Sabah.
 - Arveyna Pamella Januin @ Abdon

5. Maternal History of Oceania from Complete mtDNA Genomes: Contrasting Ancient Diversity with Recent Homogenization Due to the Austronesian Expansion, 2014 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002929714001165

"......Haplogroup M7c3c was found in elevated frequency (~25%) only in Ontong Java (Table S2); it also occurred in one individual each from Vella Lavella and Tuvalu. Although M7c3c (“M7c1c” in some earlier publications10,24,69,76) is found in Taiwanese aborigines,10,69 the purported source populations of the Austronesian expansion, it is also widespread across ISEA69,71–77 but is virtually absent in Near Oceania (Table S2). Because this haplogroup distribution does not seem to reflect the same history as that of haplogroup B (or haplogroup E), M7c3c could potentially represent a different migration other than the Austronesian expansion, possibly from ISEA and Indonesia because these are believed to have sustained contact with Near Oceania in the period before the Austronesian expansion.7 However, Micronesia is another potential source, because M7c3c has been documented there,78 and there are historical accounts of drift migration from Micronesia to Ontong Java...."

Natives Kadazan from the town of Kota Kinabalu + Pitas (northern part of Sabah).
- Kerinah Mah.

6. Resolving the ancestry of Austronesian-speaking populations, 2016 - https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00439-015-1620-z

".....The mtDNA haplogroups M7c3c, Y2, F1a4a, B4c1c and possibly B4b (which shows contrasting patterns under the two criteria) may, however, represent genuine “out-of-Taiwan” clades in ISEA. These founders are all derived from Chinese-mainland source haplogroups, and within Austronesian-speaking populations they have a higher overall frequency in Taiwan and the Philippines (Fig. 2a)..."

["...M7c3c ...mewakili klade asli "keluar dari Taiwan" di Kepulauan Asia Tenggara. Haplogroup-haplogroup pengasas berpunca dari orang daratan China dan dalam penduduk berbahasa Austronesian......"]

Related topics:-
1. The Haplogroup M and its subclade Haplogroup E1a1a (mtDNA) of the natives Kadazan Dusun Murut at Kelawat
2. The Haplogroup O2(P31) or O2-P31 Y-DNA among the Natives of Kelawat
3. The Haplogroup M - (E1a1a) (mtDNA) of the natives Kadazan Dusun Murut at Kelawat
4. Haplogroup JT (mtDNA) found among the Indigenous Kadazan Dusun Murut of Borneo

Cerita-cerita yang berkaitan:-
1. Asal Usul Orang Kadazan Dusun Tindal dari Kampung Kelawat Haplogroup E1a1a
2. Asal Usul Orang Kadazan Dusun Tindal dari Kampung Kelawat Haplogroup O2-P31
3. Asal Usul Orang Kadazan Dusun Murut Sabah Borneo - mtDNA Haplogroup M7c3c
4. Asal usul orang Kadazan Dusun Murut - mtDNA (perempuan) Haplogroup R9c1a
5. Asal usul Kadazan Dusun Murut melalui kajian DNA (SNP)
6. Asal-usul Orang Kadazan Dusun Murut ialah Timur Tengah-Asia Barat - Haplogroup JT (mtDNA)